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Beeston is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England located about 2 miles (3 km) south of the city centre. The area is separated from surrounding areas to the north, east and west by the M621 motorway. The origins of Beeston can be traced back to the medieval period. It remained a small settlement until the latter part of the Victorian era when it became a primarily residential area for people working in Leeds and surrounding industrial areas like Holbeck and Hunslet. More recently, it gained notoriety as the home of two of the July 7th bombers. Beeston has a population of about 20,000 people. Parts of the area, particularly around Beeston Hill to the north, suffer from relatively high levels of deprivation, while areas to the centre and south of the area suffer from fewer incidents of crime and are generally considered more affluent. Beeston is home to the Leeds United football club and Hunslet Hawks rugby league club. ==History== Beeston is first mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as ''Bestone'', when it had recently been granted to Ilbert de Lacy (1045-93); in 1066 it had been worth 40 shillings, but in 1086 it was considered waste, presumably because of the Harrying of the North.〔David Thornton, ''Leeds: A Historical Dictionary of People, Places and Events'' (Huddersfield: Northern Heritage Publications, 2013), s.v. ''BEESTON''.〕 The name seems to come from Old English *''bēos'' 'bent-grass' (L. Agrostis) and ''tūn'' 'estate, village',〔A. H. Smith, The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, English Place-Names Society, 30–37, 8 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961–63), III 217; cf. ''The Vocabulary of English Place-Names (Á-BOX)'', ed. by David Parsons and Tania Styles with Carole Hough (Nottingham: Centre for Name Studies, 1997), s.v. *''bēos''.〕 and the origin of the settlement is likely to be Anglo-Saxon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beeston History )〕 It was one of the ten 'out-townships' of the Parish of Leeds until the parish was broken up in the 1840s-50s. In the medieval period, Beeston was associated with sheep-farming: the monks of Kirkstall Abbey grazed 240 sheep there. Founding Drax Priory in the 1130s, William Paynel granted it land in Beeston. A small hospital seems to have been founded in the township around 1233, and a chapel dedicated to St Mary the Virgin may also have been founded in the thirteenth century.〔David Thornton, ''Leeds: A Historical Dictionary of People, Places and Events'' (Huddersfield: Northern Heritage Publications, 2013), s.v. ''BEESTON''.〕 The oldest buildings in Beeston today date to the fifteenth century. Cad Beeston (or Cad-Beeston, Cat Beeston, or Cat-Beeston) manor house has been dated by dendrochronology to about 1420, and is a grade II * listed building; recently used as private offices, it is now a private dwelling, with no public access. Parts of Stank Hall Barn, a grade II * listed scheduled ancient monument originally built for the storage of crops, have been dated to between 1448 and 1490.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ancient Monuments )〕 'By the early seventeenth century the area had a reputation for manufacturing bone lace', and by the middle of the century, coal-mining was underway in the area.〔David Thornton, ''Leeds: A Historical Dictionary of People, Places and Events'' (Huddersfield: Northern Heritage Publications, 2013), s.v. ''BEESTON''.〕 According to David Thornton, in December 1688 rumours abounded in the town that an army of Roman Catholics were ravaging the surrounding area. Ralph Thoresby recorded, 'Beeston is actually burnt, and only some escaped to bring the doleful tidings! The drums beat, the bells rang backward, the women shrieked, and some doleful consternation seized upon all persons ... (B)lessed be God! The terror disappeared, it being a false alarm, taken from some drunken people.'〔David Thornton, ''Leeds: A Historical Dictionary of People, Places and Events'' (Huddersfield: Northern Heritage Publications, 2013), s.v. ''BEESTON''.〕 Between 1740 and 1820, the Leeds-Elland and Dewsbury-Leeds turnpike roads were built through Beeston; nationalised in the 1870s these roads remain as Elland Road and Dewsbury Road respectively. By 1822, Beeston had a population of 1,670.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=In 1822, the following places were in the Parish of Leeds: )〕 Up until the nineteenth century, Beeston had been a small mining village situated on a hill overlooking Leeds. However, during the Industrial Revolution, land that had been occupied by open pits, as well as land formerly utilised for farming, was snapped up for high density residential development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Relationships / unit history of BEESTON )〕 By 1872, Beeston is recorded as having a population of 2,547 with 537 houses, a railway station and a post office,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=21335 )〕 and 'by the end of the nineteenth century Beeston was predominantly a working-class community living in back-to-backs'.〔David Thornton, ''Leeds: A Historical Dictionary of People, Places and Events'' (Huddersfield: Northern Heritage Publications, 2013), s.v. ''BEESTON''.〕 Beeston was a township and civil parish 1866-1904, then was absorbed into Holbeck civil parish before this was absorbed into Leeds in 1925. On the night of 14 March and early hours of 15 March 1941, during the second world war, Leeds received its worst night of German aerial bombing. Beeston had more bombs dropped on it than any other district of the city and although Flaxton Terrace was damaged during the night time air raid, escaped with the less damage than most other areas of Leeds with nearly all the other bombs landing on Cross Flatts Park. In his 2005 poem "Shrapnel", Tony Harrison, who was in Beeston on the night of the raid, speculates whether this was an act of heroism by the German pilot, a theory that has been explored ever since the raid. Holbeck Cemetery, in Beeston, also features prominently in Harrison's 1985 poem "v". Beeston was formerly home to card and board game manufacturer Waddingtons, though the factory was vacated in the 1990s and is now home to Nampak Cartons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beeston, Leeds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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